Qatif Governorate is one of the governorates of the Eastern Province, located on the western shore of the Arabian Gulf. It is distinguished as a coastal oasis rich in oil, crops, and marine resources, particularly fish. Historically, Qatif was renowned for its pearl trade.

The Qatif Oasis is considered one of the oldest continuously inhabited areas on the Arabian Gulf, dating back to the fifth millennium BC. Over the centuries, numerous civilizations flourished there, and successive states rose along its lands.